As trillions of cicadas emerge from underground this spring, experts are cautioning that the noise could have an overwhelming impact, particularly on individuals on the autism spectrum or those with heightened sensitivity to sound.
This rare, simultaneous emergence of both 13-year and 17-year cicada broods marks an event not seen in over 200 years. Already beginning in some regions, these cicadas will soon make their appearance across several states, including Illinois, Iowa, Georgia, and Tennessee, lasting until June. The sight of swarms of cicadas is sure to captivate many, but the sound could be an entirely different experience, especially for those who struggle with sensory sensitivities.
Male cicadas make their presence known through a high-pitched mating call to attract females, and in such massive numbers, the constant buzzing can be deafening. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), some cicada swarms can produce noise levels ranging from 90 to 100 decibels—similar to the roar of a chainsaw or a nearby siren. In South Carolina last April, residents were so startled by the noise that they even called the sheriff’s office, wondering why they were hearing sirens or a loud roar.
While the sound itself does not cause hearing damage, researchers warn that the cicadas’ noise could be highly distressing for the 5.5 million Americans living with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who may be particularly sensitive to unexpected loud sounds. Dr. Rachel Follmer, an assistant professor of developmental behavioral pediatrics at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, explained to TIME that individuals on the spectrum often experience heightened sensitivity to certain sensory stimuli, particularly sounds like sirens, blenders, or anything unexpected and loud. For many, the continuous buzzing of cicadas could trigger stress and anxiety.
“This volume and the suddenness of it could be unsettling for some individuals on the spectrum or those with sound sensitivities,” Dr. Follmer said. “It might be an unexpected change that could be very triggering.”
For parents of children on the spectrum, Dr. Follmer suggests several strategies to ease the transition. Familiarizing children with the cicada sound beforehand through YouTube videos or audio clips can help them prepare. Additionally, it’s beneficial to have a plan in place for when the noise becomes overwhelming, such as using headphones or earplugs. Parents might also help by showing children pictures of cicadas and explaining the reasons behind their emergence.
Social stories, which guide children through anticipated experiences, can also be helpful. By detailing what to expect, such as the loud noise when stepping outside and providing coping strategies, children can be better prepared for the sensory experience. “The more information children have, the more they can understand and cope,” Dr. Follmer said. “It helps them feel more in control of their environment.”
While this phenomenon might mainly affect those with autism spectrum disorder, Dr. Follmer acknowledges that it could also be unsettling for anyone with sound sensitivities. “We all have sensory experiences we don’t tolerate well,” she said. “For many individuals on the spectrum, however, these experiences tend to be more intense and impactful.”
As the cicadas begin to emerge in greater numbers, it’s clear that while their buzzing will be part of a natural spectacle for many, it will require careful consideration for those who may struggle with the sensory overload it creates.
